Robots Move from Pancakes to Whiteboards

Remember that pancake flipping robot we posted about last year? The same researchers are still investigating upper-body kinesthetic teaching in robots and a reader let us know about the latest results:

The team of researchers from Italy and Japan, lead by Dr. Petar Kormushev, has taught a Japanese humanoid robot how to clean a whiteboard. The approach that the team developed is called "upper-body kinesthetic teaching", and can be applied to a wide variety of vertical surface related tasks, such as window cleaning, wall painting, wallpaper fitting, drawing on a wall, etc.

The new research will be presented at the upcoming International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA) in May of 2011 in Shanghai, China. If you just can't wait to read the research, you're in luck because the paper is already online: Upper-body Kinesthetic Teaching of a Free-standing Humanoid Robot (PDF format).

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Ephaptic Coupling in Brain Offers New Understanding

Mimicking the human brain may be even harder than expected. For decades researchers have attempted to decode the inner workings of our grey matter and much progress has been made in the area of neural networks, but recent work by neuroscientists at Caltech are offering yet another mechanism crucial to brain function - ephaptic coupling. It was once thought that neural processing was performed entirely via synapses (junctions between neurons), but now it's believed that information is also transmitted through extracellular electric fields throughout the brain. This epiphenomenon allows groups of neurons to influence each other without physical connection complicating our understanding of this remarkable machine. Of course this also raises new questions about the effects of external electrical fields on our thinking processes.

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Keepon finally for sale

The funny yellow dancing robot KeepOn of youTube fame (see above) will finally be available in a toy version. The toy version will look the same as the current research version, which is used as a telepresence tool for autism research and therapy. However, unlike the research version which is priced at 30'000 dollars (!) a piece, the toy version will retail for a mere 40 dollars. For now it's not completely clear what the toy robot will be able to do, but according to the BeatBot's press release it will maintain the reactivity to touch and its ability to listen to music, detect the beat, and dance in a perfect rhythm.

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BrainDriver - A Mind Controlled Car

Following his recent interview for the Robots Podcast, Raúl Rojas at the Freie Universität Berlin has released a video which shows a driver controlling his car using a brain interface. In the video, the driver is wearing an Emotiv EEG (Electroenzephalogram) primarily sold as a gaming device - for which it may not be an ideal fit. The work is part of the MadeInGermany project and follows previous projects such as Rojas group's Project AutoNOMOS. For more information on the "BrainDriver" and the "MadeInGermany" autonomous car, have a look at the autoNOMOS web site.

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Robots Podcast #72: Telepresence Robots

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Hummingbird NAV Flies Successfully

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An Initiative to Create an American Robotics Network

On January 22nd, Professor Henrik Christensen of Georgia Tech posed the question Are we ready for an American Robotics Network, saying that he had started a discussion regarding the organization of an American Robotics Network. He has also discussed the formation of such a network in a brief essay. In the recent blog post, he says I would like to get this underway as soon as possible to make sure that we can leverage the momentum from a National Robotics Initiative. First among the tasks to be entrusted to such an organization, he lists maintaining the roadmap and promoting it to agencies. More about Christensen, the roadmap, and the network after the break.

The roadmap, to which Professor Christensen refers, got its start in 2006, at a one-day workshop titled Science and Technology Challenges for Robotics organized by George Bekey of USC, Vijay Kumar of UPenn, and Matthew Mason of CMU. A summary report of that workshop states There was an enthusiastic response to the workshop with over 85 participants. [...] There were many volunteers who were ready to take on more responsibilities to promote the discipline. (Vijay Kumar was recently mentioned on Robots.net in connection with quadrotors cooperating on a construction project.)

Professor Christensen was a panelist at that workshop and later collaborated with Matthew Mason on an essay which summarized the state of robotics and previewed the findings of the collective effort to produce a robotics roadmap. The final report A Roadmap for US Robotics, From Internet to Robotics was presented in May, 2009, before the Congressional Robotics Caucus, however, in the effort to produce that report, the call for the formation of an American Robotics Network (9th slide) appears to have slipped to the back burner. Christensen is seeking to renew that endeavor.

Before occupying the KUKA Chair of Robotics at Georgia Tech's College of Computing, Professor Christensen was the founding Chairman of EURON, the European Robotics Research Network. He has recently been awarded the 2011 Engelberger Award for Education.

Originally found on Robotland.

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First Humanoid Robot in space!

A few hours ago the space shuttle Discovery took off for its final flight. Among its cargo it carries the Robonaut2 humanoid robot that will be deployed to the ISS. Robonaut 2 or R2 is humanlike in appearance because it was designed to perform similar to human tasks. It has a torso, two 7dof arms with a 12doF hand each and a head where its vision equipment is placed. It can reach and grasp objects and tools and it is also capable of holding and handling soft materials like a cloth or an envelope. Robonaut2 is the latest step of a 15-year-old effort by NASA to develop a humanoid robot that will be able to operate alongside humans in the demanding environment of space. The Robonaut program started in 1997 with the first prototype and GM joined in 2006 to assist the development of the more advanced R2. It will be permanently installed in the Unity node of the International Space Station and during the next months it will be deployed for its first test in the Destiny Laboratory. Initially it will be evaluated and used for teaching engineers how a dexterous robot behaves in space. In the near future it will gradually receive software and hardware updates (possibly a lower body) and it will be engaged in simple or more elaborate tasks.
Robonaut2 Fact Sheet (PDF, 3.4 MB) , NASA Robonaut videos.

We brought our Centaur configuration of the robot out to KSC to see the launch from the press site. What an amazing experience. If you've never seen a shuttle launch, beg, borrow or steal to get to one of the last two. You will not be disappointed.

The Team is really excited to usher in the age of robots working elbow to elbow and shoulder to shoulder with crew on the International Space Station.

Godspeed R2.

-Nic Radford

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Next Giant Leap pursues Google Lunar X Prize

The Robots Podcast's John Payne sent a report on the Google Lunar X Prize team Next Giant Leap. It is planning something different from the rovers planned by most of the other teams, such as that led by Red Whittaker of CMU. Instead of rolling across the surface for the required 500 meters, they intend to hop over it, with a platform riding on four thrusters. Stabilizing such a device, so that it remains level throughout its flight and goes where it is supposed to, is no mean trick. Designing, on Earth, the technology to do so autonomously in the airless, low-gravity environment of the Moon is a challenge. The guidance, navigation, and control algorithms to accomplish these tasks are developed at Draper Laboratory and tested on a prototype named Talaris. Developed with the help of MIT students and under the watchful eye of Bobby Cohanim, Talaris uses ducted fans in an arrangement similar to a quadrotor to compensate for the difference in gravity between Earth and Moon. More information after the jump.

Created under the auspices of the X Prize Foundation, the Google Lunar X Prize, with a $20 Million grand prize to be awarded to the first privately funded team to send a robot to the moon, travel 500 meters, and transmit video, images and data back to the Earth (and another $10 Million to be distributed among second place, bonus prizes for achieving specific objectives, and the team which does the best job of promoting diversity in space), has attracted entries from twenty-five teams, of which twenty-one remain in the running, the most recent to join being Team Space IL.

One of the favorites in this competition, Next Giant Leap (NGL), founded by Michael Joyce (a former U.S. Air Force pilot and founder of B9Creations, makers of the Lost In Space robot replica), counts among its partners the Space Systems business area of Sierra Nevada Corporation, MIT's Space Systems Laboratory, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, and The Center for Space Entrepreneurship (eSpace). NGL has recently received cash infusions from two of these partners, an undisclosed figure from eSpace and $1 Million Draper Laboratory, underlining their confidence in and continued commitment to the Next Giant Leap team, and helping to ensure the team's mission advances to liftoff as quickly as due caution allows; the competition being a sort of race.

The launch vehicle is to be a multistage rocket built upon a Falcon 1e booster. When the last of these stages is exhausted, the payload, NGL's lander/hopper, will still be above the lunar surface, faced with the task of negotiating the final approach and landing for itself, autonomously. Once safely on the moon, this lander/hopper will survey its surroundings, then lift off again and skim laterally above the lunar surface, before settling back down a second time. The number of times it can lift off, traverse, and re-land, and the distance it can travel, are limited only by the amount of fuel remaining after the initial landing. For the purpose of winning the Google Lunar X Prize, it is enough that it make a single hop of at least 500 meters, or several that total that distance, and, after having done so, that it transmit video, images, and other data back to Earth.

Perhaps the two trickiest aspects of this plan are the combination of sensory hardware and software which enable the identification and avoidance of hazards in choosing a landing spot, which Draper is working on, building upon knowledge and experience gained from previous landing programs like NASA's ALHAT (Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology), and the Guidance, Navigation, and Control algorithms mentioned above, also being developed at Draper Laboratory.

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Microbots can now swim back and forth

Until now you can have big elaborate robots or very small microbots but it is very difficult to have both. A blog post from New Scientist (where this video is from) points out the research on microbots, very small machines that will move, navigate and perform simple tasks. The ability to remotely power a microbot, thus eliminating the need for onboard battery or fuel, is already proven and one of the methods is the application of an AC field to a liquid where the robot is located. This microbot is essentially a diode, a one-way electric conductor. The different electric charges at its ends force the neighboring ions to move thus creating a small thrust that propels the bot. The team of Rachita Sharma and Orlin Velev from North Carolina State University developed a method where a controlled application of an additional DC field changes the ion distribution around the microbot and this time the ion field creates a torque that rotates the microbot. The DC field is applied until the completion of a 180-degree turn. Then the microbot moves again, now in the opposite direction. It is only 1.3mm long and as claimed by other scientists like Vesselin Paunov from the University of Hull, UK this arrangement can be further scaled down where it can be useful for diagnostic and localized drug supply applications.

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Random Robot Roundup

This week's roundup starts with a reminder about the upcoming World Premier of Bots High, Joey Daoud's documentary about high school students participating in Battlebots. If you're into remote controlled machines smashing each other, check it out. There's an interesting Robotics Trends article on an AI control system for spacecraft called, no not HAL, but sysbrain. Alexey Burbin of Russia emailed to let us know about his cool Transformable Worm drive for amphibious robots. Pablo Rivera wrote to let us know about his new project, the International Programming Club; their goal is to teach more people programming and they plan a robot programming tutorial series. Finally, no roundup is complete with out some news from The Swirling Brain. This week he sent us a Singularity Hub story on the X-47B UAV, a PopSci article about a hamster with a cat-proof robot exo-skeleton, and an Escapist article about California robot spotted buying scones in a local coffee shop. Know any other robot news, gossip, or amazing facts we should report? Send 'em our way please. And don't forget to follow us on twitter.

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Robots: Robotics Roadmaps - Japan

The February 11th episode of RobotsPodcast is the first part of a series on funding strategies worldwide, which will cover America, Asia and Europe. Starting from Japan we talk to an expert and leading figure in Japanese Robotics, Tomomasa Sato, who is currently a project manager for intelligent robot projects supported by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, otherwise known at METI. During this interview, Tomomasa Sato tells us about the money spent in robotics; the differences between industry and government funding and developments and the cultural differences that make Japanese people accept robots into their daily lives. Read on or tune in! (image from the Robotics Society of Japan)

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John Holdren Addresses the AAAS Annual Meeting

The 2011 meeting of the AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science) drew to a close yesterday. Several plenary lectures are available. One of these, by John P. Holdren offers a particularly clear view of the Obama administration's policies and initiatives with respect to science and technology. Holdren, as Assistant to the President for Science and Technology, Director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, and Co-Chair of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), is very well positioned to provide a clear view of administration priorities and efforts. While he makes no direct mention of robotics, robotics is clearly included beneath the broad science and technology umbrella.

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Prospero, an Autonomous Micro Planter

A forum post on TrossenRobotics.com shows what's called a an Autonomous Micro Planter (AMP), a small, six-legged robot named Prospero, that's capable of drilling seed holes and depositing seeds in them. The forum post includes two YouTube videos and several photos. The author of the post, David Dorhout, describes this category of machine as the first of four steps, saying The other three steps involve autonomous robots that tend the crops, harvest them, and finally one robot that can plant, tend, and harvest--autonomously transitioning from one phase to another. Prospero was designed for a contest sponsored by SchmartBoard and placed first in the Parallax MCU segment (there were also TI and MicroChip MCU segments). The forum post links to a PDF which explains the project in detail, including source code.

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Winners of Willow Garage ROS 3D Kinect Contest

The winners of Willow Garage's 3D Kinect contest that we reported on a while back have been announced! The first prize was taken by a program that allows you to create your own touch-sensitive controls by simply drawing some buttons on a piece of paper seen by your Microsoft Kinect and then use those buttons for ... anything really. The video above shows how the buttons can be configured as a sound board. Other prizes were awarded for using the Kinect on quadrotors and for teleoperation. A real-time color 3D mapping tool and an automatic calibration tool were awarded prizes as the most useful programs. For more details, have a look at the 3D Kinect contest's results on the ROS blog.

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Mediacom Puts Its Own Ads On Other Websites, Including Google & Apple

A few years ago, there were stories of ISPs who wanted to use deep packet inspection technology to inject their own content, especially advertising, onto websistes. AT&T even insisted that customers would like it if AT&T did this. Public outcry and Congressional scrutiny seemed to lead many ISPs to shelve such plans... but you knew it was only a matter of time.

Broadband Reports is noting that Mediacom, who recently started using DNS redirection to feed ads (rather than 404 pages) to people who ended up on non-existent web pages (and who made its "opt-out" option not really work), has jumped into the fray and is injecting its own ads for its own services on all sorts of websites including those of Google and Apple -- two companies known for caring an awful lot about what their website looks like in each and every pixel:

This seems like a lawsuit waiting to happen. If users choose to modify websites themselves, that's one thing, but having your ISP jump into the stream and adding its own advertisements to websites seems to go way over the line of what's appropriate. And, you have to wonder how effective it is. If I ever saw something like this, it would immediately make me look for alternative ISPs.

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ICE Boss: It's Okay To Ignore The Constitution If It's To Protect Companies

While the folks at Homeland Security keep telling me that they simply cannot speak publicly about the seizure of various domain names -- and specifically the numerous mistakes they've made that appear to clearly violate both the First Amendment and Due Process rules -- it seems they have no problem talking about the domain seizures to folks in the press who don't bother to ask tough questions.

ICE boss John Morton did an interview with Politico, where he trots out a bunch of highly questionable statements about the domain seizures, including claiming that it's all okay for them to do this because they're trying to "protect U.S. industry" rather than "regulate the internet." But that's not the role of Homeland Security or ICE. And there are limits on what ICE is actually allowed to do, and Morton's technically clueless agents seem to have ignored many of those rules.

"We don't have any interest in going after bloggers or discussion boards," he said. "We're not about what is being said by anybody. We're about making sure that the intellectual property laws of the United States, which are clear, are enforced. When somebody spends hundreds of millions of dollars to develop the next movie or a billion dollars to develop the next heart medicine, the innovation and the enterprise that went into that effort is protected as the law provides. It's that simple."

There's so much wrong in that statement that it should be grounds for dismissal. Morton is not representing what has happened, the law or the facts accurately here. He's lying to the American public (and to Politico, who appears to have failed to call him on any of it). First of all, if they don't have any interest in going after bloggers or discussion boards, why did they? Second, if the intellectual property laws of the US are "clear" -- why did ICE not use them and actually get anyone charged with infringement? Third, the laws aren't that clear -- which is why we (normally) have trials to make sure there was actual infringement. If ICE had been willing to let due process play out, it would have avoided embarrassing mistakes, like taking down 84,000 websites because a few may have had illegal content. Or seizing a blog (yes, a blog, despite what he says) that posted links to music elsewhere that was sent by the labels and artists. And, when someone spends all that money to develop something, there are plenty of business models for them to use, and they have every right to use civil laws to go after those who violate their rights. What they shouldn't have is some government agents taking down websites with no due process, seizing plenty of protected speech in the process.

Finally, for Morton to claim "it's that simple," when the law is anything but simple should get the man fired. Seriously. No one who knows anything about the law thinks it's that simple. He shouldn't be in charge of ICE if he thinks that the laws are as simple as he makes out. It's not, and either he knows it and he's lying or he doesn't know it and he's unqualified for the job. Which is it? I figure I'll send these questions to my friendly press contact at Homeland Security, and I imagine the answer will be the same: "I'll have to direct you to the Justice Department on those questions." Because actually responding to American citizens whose rights he seems to have no problem trampling is not in his job description. Helping Hollywood by violating multiple parts of the Constitution is much more fun.

Morton also seems to think there's simply no legal questions in seizing domain names:

"We can seize and forfeit them just like we seize and forfeit bank accounts, houses and vehicles that are used in other crimes," he said. "Any instrument of a crime is subject to our jurisdiction in terms of seizure and forfeit."

Again this is incorrect on a number of levels, and again raises questions about Morton's competence to hold the job he holds. You can seize property, but the case law is pretty clear on the different rules when it comes to seizing speech. And he's never responded to that at all. Because, of course, he cannot.

John Morton seems to think it's fine to be censor-in-chief and to violate multiple parts of the US Constitution, because it protects a few businesses who have failed to adapt their business models. This is a sickening display of the takeover of the American government by corporations.

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Feds Got Reporter's Phone, Credit Card & Bank Records In Trying To Track Leaker

Back in January, when I saw Daniel Ellsberg speak, one of the things he noted was how much more aggressive the Obama administration appeared to be in going after leakers than any previous administration. Ellsberg's theory -- which he admitted was based on just his intuition -- was that President Obama is actually quite embarrassed by some of the things he's doing and is, thus, more aggressive in trying to stop leaks, knowing that his actions are damaging his reputation. I don't know if that's true, but there is growing evidence of the level of questionable activities from the Obama administration even in going after leakers. Ellsberg noted at the time that the Obama administration has brought more indictments for leaking than all other presidents combined before him.

The latest is the report that came out late last week that the government, in going after leakers, got access to reporter James Risen's phone records, bank details and credit card statements. As the report notes, this is pretty extreme:

Although there have been other public controversies over subpoenas -- real and threatened -- to reporters in recent years, there have been few, if any, cases in which it has been documented that federal prosecutors obtained the bank records and credit reports of journalists.

It's not entirely clear if all of these activities took place under the Obama administration or previous administrations, but multiple people quoted in the article say this kind of activity has been much more common in the Obama Justice Department. For a President who has positioned himself as being a big supporter of press freedoms, this looks really hypocritical. Spying on reporters is bad. As the report notes, Risen was subpoenaed directly twice, but both times a judge reasonably quashed the subpoenas. So, for the administration to basically go around all that and get records from others is pretty bad.

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Swedish Government Helps Fund Documentary On The Pirate Bay

Even as some in the Swedish government -- at the urging of US diplomats and the US entertainment industry -- continue to look for ways to shut down The Pirate Bay, it appears that the Swedish government is funding part of the documentary on The Pirate Bay. This is from the same movie that was able to raise some money last year via Kickstarter. To be honest, getting some government funds isn't that strange. The various Scandanavian countries tend to have pretty strong government support for the arts. When I was there about a year ago, many of the discussions I had with artists was how the situation there is quite different than in the US in that almost every filmmaker or musician expects to get some kind of government funding at some point or another. Still, given the controversial nature of The Pirate Bay within Sweden, it's still worth noting that the government was still willing to support the documentary.

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Modplan's Favorite Techdirt Posts Of The Week

This week's "favorites of the week" post comes from Modplan. He's not the most prolific commenter, but I always enjoy his thoughtful responses.

First, a thanks to Mike for asking me to write this week's post. When approached to do the favorite posts of the week, I was initially worried I wouldn't be able to find much of interest in a week I thought it wasn't as eventful of a week as it turned out to be when looking back for the selections, so I took a few swigs of my kool-aid and prepared for the inevitable drop in value that follows from doing anything for free and got writing. I only hope the following selections and my musings are at least of mild interest to even just a few of you.

I've been following the "Freedom Box" project for quite a while after first seeing some of Eben Moglen's speeches regarding freedom, the web and free software, which had also inspired other projects like Diaspora, so it's no surprise that the article "Sometimes 'Piracy' & Freedom Look Remarkably Similar" was something of particular interest. I think the article leads into a point I'd personally been thinking about for while, in that much of what makes the web so great at freedom of speech is also fundamentally the same as what makes it great for widespread piracy. To attack piracy is to often end up -- inadvertently or not -- attacking the same things that give us a greater freedom of speech and efficiency. With modern attempts at attacking the former in some ways inhibiting the latter, they result in rather ham-fisted ways of working around that technologically, legally and PR wise. I'd be interested to see, if these kinds of devices take off, what precisely will be demanded to be done to combat the higher chances of piracy that seem will inevitably come with the greater protection of privacy and free speech.

Next up is the story of how the Tolkien estate is trying to put a stop to a historical fiction book involving the deceased author. I think we can all understand at some point the feeling of needing to fight back against something said that's untrue about us or the need to not be associated with something we don't support or like, but it seems like publicity laws, as they are, will just continue to be abused. I'm not sure what merit cases involving deceased authors and Hulk Hogan impersonations have outside of getting in the way of what seems like perfectly valid forms of criticism and bad comedy, regardless of any fears of association.

Speaking of overly broad rights and protections, I'm reminded of the story on the EU and Korea trade agreement, which to me didn't appear to get a lot of attention the first time round. Though I think I only need to point out this particular part to show just how bad this agreement is:

The data exclusivity provision prevents generic drug manufacturers from relying on data used by the patentee for market authorisation. Clinical test data generated by the patent holder, for example, therefore cannot be used for market authorisation of a generic drug using the same substance, obliging the generic drug users to reiterate the tests.

If only every society were required to reinvent the wheel, we'd all have teleporters by now.

Moving swiftly on, here's a case we can all learn from with Sweden fining a file sharer €200 ($311, working out at $7 a song). I'm sure this is something the USTR will balk at, but sometimes the US (and us at Techdirt) can get so involved in debating, arguing and extending its own laws, they forget there's a whole world out there we can communicate with and learn from, not merely try to coerce into our ways, with more reasonable file sharing damages certainly being one of those areas.

I'd also like to briefly highlight the stories of the US paying for software that didn't work, the revolving door between Government and industry , and where would we be without ICE admitting to taking down 84,000 domains for the sake of 10 -- not only did the Government give plenty more ammo this week to show themselves to be incompetent and untrustworthy, but they also gave us yet more reasons to dislike the patent system. They really worked had this week didn't they? Just think that if they hadn't done all this work, our national security would be in danger.

To put this post to bed, I'd like to end with more positive stories -- TED's success in opening up its content to the world, a porn company deciding to work with rather than against pirates and its customers, and that cheap video games are not necessarily bad for the industry. I think the story of TED in particular helps show that not only is cheap and free not necessarily as devaluing or industry-destroying as is regularly claimed, but can, in fact, lead to more success and a better situation for all. It's been a regular point at Techdirt that it's not always a zero-sum game when it comes to freeing content and making money, it's just a matter of thinking beyond being simply a gatekeeper.

That's it from me, back to lurking in the comments section from now on.

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UK Court Dismisses Yet Another Bogus Criminal Lawsuit Against Torrent Tracker Admins

Just about a year ago, a court in the UK found OiNK's operator, Alan Ellis, not guilty of criminal charges for running the community. Even though plenty of people had pointed out from the very beginning that it was crazy to charge Ellis with criminal charges for actions by people in the community, prosecutors still went through with it. What was even more amazing is that they continued to try to do the same thing to others as well. In the summer of 2009, we wrote about how UK police arrested the operator of the FileSoup community based entirely on claims by the entertainment industry, which showed a near total lack of understanding of the basic technology at play. It turns out that law enforcement pushed forward with the case, despite the fact that they did no investigating on their own and simply accepted the industry's claims as fact, despite numerous errors. Thankfully, the courts recognized all of this and noted that these criminal charges probably never should have been brought and dropped the case against two of the admins of the site. At what point do law enforcement folks realize that the entertainment industry is a biased party and that you can't just accept everything they say as fact?

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Copyright Is An Incentive... To Create Lawsuits

I can't really add to this.

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